obv. Monogram of Radelchis surrounded by the legend + PRINCЄ BЄNЄBЄNTI (translation Princeps Benevento) rev. Cross potent set on three steps, star in right field, surrounded by the legend ARHAИVЄLV ИIAE (translation Archangelus Michael)
The duchy of Benevento was created in southern Italy in the late 6th when Italy was conquered by the Lombards. Benevento was elevated to a principality after Charlemagne′s conquest of the Lombard kingdom and it managed thereafter for the most of the time to maintain its independence from the Franks. It was however in 840 partitioned into three parts (Benevento, Capua and Salerno). All these so called Lombard principalities were conquered by the Normans in the 11tth and then merged into the kingdom of Sicily, which was created in 1130. A small fraction of the the principality of Benevento (the city itself) became however a part of the Papal States and remained, apart from 1806-1815 when Napoleon′s minister Talleyrand was its prince, under Papal rule until the unification of Italy in 1860.
Radelchis I (also Radalgis) (died 851) was the treasurer, then prince of Benevento from 839, when he assumed the throne upon the assassination (possibly at his instigation) of Sicard and imprisonment of Sicard′s brother, Siconulf, to his death, though in his time the principality was divided. According to the Chronica S. Benedicti Casinensis, the gastald of Capua, Landulf the Old, who had been an ally of Sicard, freed the imprisoned Siconulf and, with the support of Guaifer, chief of the Dauferidi family of Salerno, brought him to that city to be proclaimed prince in opposition to Radelchis. This was the beginning of a civil war which was to last more than a decade.
In 841, Radelchis brought in the aid of Saracen mercenaries, as Andrew II of Naples had four years prior. The mercenaries sacked the city of Capua, forcing Landulf to found a new capital nearby on the hill of Triflisco. Siconulf responded by leasing his own band of Saracens. The depredations of the two Christian rulers and their Saracen helpers so disturbed the king of Italy, Louis II, that when he was crowned co-emperor in 850, he immediately set out to pacify the Mezzogiorno. In 851, he forced a peace on Radelchis and Siconulf and expelled the Saracens from Benevento (warriors from the Emirate of Bari, whom Radelchis happily betrayed). He divided the principality permanently. Radelchis did not live long thereafter and was succeeded by his son Radelgar.
MEC I- | Biaggi- | cf. BMC Vandal p. 181 | cf. CNI XVIII, 179 | cf. Sambon 443RRRR Small flan crack and some edge damage. Important historical coin of the highest rarity. vf/vf-
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