NORTHERN NETHERLANDS AR Leicesterrijksdaalder 1597 Province of ZEELAND - Dutch Republic ss+

Preisanfrage

Mint: Middelburg
Mintmark: fortress ('burcht')
Type: II
Variety: unidentified countermark on reverse
Rarity: R1

Obverse: Half-length male bust (believed to be Robert Dudley), laureate, cuirassed, right, holding sword over right shoulder, and bundle of seven arrows in left hand; legend around, ♜ CONCORDIA - •RES•PARVÆ•CRESCV’ - ZEL•

Reverse: Shield with sevenfold arms of the Provinces, date above; all within inner circle; legend around, ×MO•ORD•PROVIN•FOED•BELG•AD•LEG•IMP

Historic context: In 1585 Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (24 June 1533 – 4 September 1588), was selected to lead an expeditionary force of 7,000 men to aid rebels in the Netherlands against the rule of Philip II of Spain ; Elizabeth had finally given in to demands to more actively help Protestants in Europe. The expedition was a failure because the force sent was too small and too badly equipped, and Dudley, entirely due to his own mismanagement, was left without sufficient funds to pay his professional soldiers. In addition, the Earl of Leicester had no experience at field command, and it showed when he upset his own commanders and his allies. Dudley then went one step further and upset his monarch by accepting the title of Governor of the Netherlands, bestowed on him by Protestants hoping to permanently tie England's foreign policy to their own struggle for independence. Consequently, Elizabeth called home the earl in November 1586. The next year, though, Dudley was back in the Netherlands as Elizabeth was obliged to meet her treaty obligations with the Dutch. There was even less success than his first stint there, as Dudley managed to lose control of Sluys to Philip II's regent, the Duke of Parma. Once again, after upsetting everyone on all sides, the earl resigned and was called home by his sovereign in November 1587.

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