500-480 v. Chr. THRACE (THRAKIEN), ABDERA - THEMISTOKLES (?), magistrate - AR Octodrachm, circa 500-480 BC cf. Künker, Auktion 326, lot 676 (in vf 36.900 euro incl. commission)
cf. Künker, Auktion 326, lot 676 (in vf 36.900 euro incl. commission) | Abkürzungen
30,00 mm
weight 28,66gr. | silver Ø 30mm.
obv. Griffin, with right foreleg raised, seated to left, ΘEM before, within border of dots rev. Quadripartite incuse square. The Greek settlement Abdera was begun as a failed colony from Klazomenai, traditionally dated to 654 BC. The polis lay 17 km east-northeast of the mouth of the Nestos River, almost directly opposite the island of Thasos. Herodotus reports that the leader of the colony had been Timesios but, within his generation, the Thracians had expelled the colonists. Timesios was subsequently honored as a local protective spirit by the later Abderans from Teos. The successful foundation occurred in 544 BC, when the majority of the people of Teos (including the poet Anacreon) migrated to Abdera to escape the Persian yoke. The chief coin type, a griffon, is identical with that of Teos the rich silver coinage is noted for the beauty and variety of its reverse types. Abdera had flourished especially in ancient times mainly for two reasons: because of the large area of their territory and their highly strategic position. The city controlled two great road passages (one of Nestos river and other through the mountains north of Xanthi). Furthermore, from their ports passed the sea road, which from Troas led to the Thracian and then the Macedonian coast. In 513 and 512 BC, the Persians, under Darius conquered Abdera, by which time the city seems to have become a place of considerable importance, and is mentioned as one of the cities which had the expensive honour of entertaining the great king on his march into Greece. In 492 BC, after the Ionian Revolt, the Persians again conquered Abdera, again under Darius I but led by his general Mardonius. On his flight after the Battle of Salamis, Xerxes stopped at Abdera and acknowledged the hospitality of its inhabitants by presenting them with a tiara and scimitar of gold. Thucydides mentions Abdera as the westernmost limit of the Odrysian kingdom when at its height at the beginning of the Peloponnesian war. It later became part of the Delian League and fought on the side of Athens in the Peloponnesian war. Abdera was a wealthy city, the third richest in the League, due to its status as a prime port for trade with the interior of Thrace and the Odrysian kingdom. In 408 BC, Abdera was reduced under the power of Athens by Thrasybulus, then one of the Athenian generals in that quarter. A valuable prize, the city was repeatedly sacked: by the Triballi in 376 BC, Philippos II of Macedon in 350 BC later by Lysimachos of Thrace, the Seleucids, the Ptolemies, and again by the Macedonians. In 170 BC the Roman armies and those of Eumenes II of Pergamon besieged and sacked it. The town seems to have declined in importance after the middle of the 4th century BC. The ruins of the town may still be seen on Cape Balastra they cover seven small hills, and extend from an eastern to a western harbor on the southwestern hills are the remains of the medieval settlement of Polystylon.
In mythology, Abdera was named after Abderos, a beloved companion of Heracles who perished after the hero captured the flesh-eating mares of Diomedes. In the historical record the site on the Thracian coast that would become Abdera was first settled in 654 BC by colonists from Klazomenae. That early effort failed, evidently because of conflicts with warlike Thracians. One hundred and ten years later, in 544, a new colonization effort was made by citizens of another Ionian city, Teos, who under the cover of night abandoned their homes rather than live under newly imposed Persian rule. When the Abderites began to produce coins, they chose to portray a griffin, as it was familiar from the coins of their mother-city. No doubt symbolically, the griffin faces left on issues of Abdera and faces right on those of Teos. Silver, fish, wine and grain were among the commodities that allowed Abdera to accumulate its astonishing wealth. The people of Abdera had a longstanding conflict with the Greeks on the nearby island of Thasos, as they competed for control of trade in the Thracian hinterland. It has been suggested that in 491 the Abderites fabricated a rumour that the Thasians were planning a revolt against the authority of Persia. Consequently, Darius forced the Thasians to tear down their walls and to deliver their ships to Abdera. In 463/2 Abdera again was able to profit from the misfortunes of the Thasians when their revolt against Athens was crushed. Abdera′s wealth is evident not only from the large quantity of silver coins it produced and exported – often to the Egyptian delta – but also from the records of the Delian League. During the period 453 to 432 Abdera contributed annually about 15 talents to the league, suggesting its total payments may have been surpassed only by Aegina, Byzantium and Thasos.This coin was probably struck short before the Persian invasion of mainland Greece (480-479). The city had the dubious honor of entertaining the Great king, Xerxes I, and his armies. The magistrate responsible for this coinage probably bore the same name as his contemporary Themistokles, the famous Athenian politician and general and opponent of the Persians.
cf. Künker, Auktion 326, lot 676 (in vf 36.900 euro incl. commission) (this was the much more common type with the legend ANTI)
very impressive large silver coin from the late Archaic period ♦ extremely rare ♦
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