MA-ID: 8779502010
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AR Obol 450-400 v. Chr. PALESTINE (PHILISTIA) - circa 450-400 BC, probably Gaza cf. Leu Auction 19, Lot 94 (in xf with testcut: SFR 4.200 + 22,5%)
Munthandel G.Henzen 
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cf. Leu Auction 19, Lot 94 (in xf with testcut: SFR 4.200 + 22,5%) | Abkürzungen
10,00 mm
weight 0,55gr. | silver Ø 10mm.
obv. Laureate and bearded head of Ba′al Arwad to right
rev. Owl standing facing, wings spread olive spring and
crescent to upper right, AΘE around, all within incuse square
Gaza (′Azah in Hebrew) was the most important of the couthern Canaanite coastal cities in the fifteenth century BC, when it appears in historical documents. The city was a major trade outlet for eastern goods brought west by caravans from southern Arabia. It was considered the capital of Canaan by the Egyptians and served as the residence of an Egyptian governor in the thirteenth century BC. Following the immigration of the Sea Peoples in the first half of the twelfth century BC, the city was occupied by the Philistines (apparently a tribe of the Sea Peoples). Under the Philistines, Gaza became the preeminent city of the Philistine Pentapolis (partnership between five cities), which also included Ahsdod, Askalon, Gath, and Ekron. Gaza and the Philistines frequently came into conflict with the kings of the united kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah. Gaza became a cassal kingdom of the neo-Assyrian Empre in 732 BC and continued to prosper through the Arabian trade. After the destruction of Assyria, the city successively fell under the power of the short-lived Egyptian Empire of Necho II (610-595 BC) and the neo-Babylonian Empire of Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC). With the overthrow of the neo-Babylonian state at the hands of Kyros the Great and the Achaemenid Persians in 539 BC, the status of Gaza becomes controversial. Some scholars have suggested the the city remained independent throughout the Persian period. protected by its Arabian connections. Arab autonomy was recognized by the Persian king Kambyses II already in 525 BC. Other scholars maintain that Gaza was incorporated into the satrapy (province) of Eber-Nari (Beyond the River). In either case, Gaza continued to grow wealthy in the fifth and fourth centuries BC from trade in spices and incense. Although the defeat of Persian king Dareios III at the Battle of Issos (333 BC) resulted in the immediate submission of most cities in the region to Alexander the Great, Gaza resisted under the leadership the Persian eunuch, Batis. Alexander besieged the heavily fortified city and at last took it in October of 332 BC. Enraged at the city′s defiance, Alexander ordered the entire adult male population put to the sword and sold the women and children into slavery. The Macedonian king reportedly vented his anger by dragging the corpse of Batis behind his chariot as he drove circuit of the ruined city walls. Nevertheless the walls were immediately rebuilt and the city was repopulated with people from the surrounding region.
After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonian generals fought for control of the city because of its wealth and strategic location on the frontier with Egypt. the city was held by Antigonos Monophthalmos and Demetrios Polioketes until 312 BC when it was seized by Ptolemaios I of Egypt. Demetrios attempted to reclaim the city by force of arms, but was defeated. The city remained a Ptolemaic possession until the Fifth Syrian War (202-105 BC), when all of Phoenicia and Koile Syria was conquered by the Syrian king Antiochos III. The city was apparently refounded as Seleukeia in Gaza by Seleukos IV Philopator (r. 187-175 BC) and continued to be a major outlet for Arabian trade goods throughout the Seleukid period. Gaza supported the cause of Demetrios II Theos against Antiochos VI Dionysos (r. 145-142 BC) until it was besieged by the Hasmonaean high priest, Jonathan Apphos, acting in support of Antiochos VI. As a forced ally of the Hasmonaean Jews, the Gazaeans again supported Demetrios II after Thryphon’s murders of Jonathan and Antiochos VI in 138 BC. Despite Hasmonaean influence, Gaza remained a nominal subject of the Seleukid kings and received autonomous status from Antiohcos VIII Grypos around 108/107 BC. Fearing the growing power of the Hasmonaean priest-king, Alexander Jannaeus, the Gazaeans invited Ptolemaios IX Lathyros, then governor of Cyprus, to intervene in the region. Enraged at this Ptolemaic intervention, Jannaeus lay siege to the city and at last destroyed it in circa 95/94 BC. Nevertheless, the city seems to have existed again in some form by 78/77 BC. Gaza was detached from the Hasmonaean state by the Roman general, Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great), in 64/63 BC and was restored by Aulus Gabinius, the governor of Roman Syria (r. 57-54 BC). The city′s role in the Roman civil wars is unclear, although the occasions when Gaza produced dated coins tend to imply some involvement in the expulsion of the Parthians from Syria in 52/51 BC, the conflicts between Q. Caecilius Bassus and C. Antistius Vetus and C. Cassius Longinus and P. Cornelius Dolabella for control of Roman Syria in 46/45 BC and 43/42, respectively.
The image on the reverse of this issue was copied from the famous decadrachms of Athens. ♦ In exceptional condition for the issue. Extremely rare ♦
cf. Leu Auction 19, Lot 94 (in xf with testcut: SFR 4.200 + 22,5%)
Gitler & Tal pg. 204, XIV, 29O | HGC 10, - | Sofaer 10 (Gaza)
Jeselsohn 261var. (position of legend and olive sprig switched) RRR
vf/xf
obv. Laureate and bearded head of Ba′al Arwad to right
rev. Owl standing facing, wings spread olive spring and
crescent to upper right, AΘE around, all within incuse square
Gaza (′Azah in Hebrew) was the most important of the couthern Canaanite coastal cities in the fifteenth century BC, when it appears in historical documents. The city was a major trade outlet for eastern goods brought west by caravans from southern Arabia. It was considered the capital of Canaan by the Egyptians and served as the residence of an Egyptian governor in the thirteenth century BC. Following the immigration of the Sea Peoples in the first half of the twelfth century BC, the city was occupied by the Philistines (apparently a tribe of the Sea Peoples). Under the Philistines, Gaza became the preeminent city of the Philistine Pentapolis (partnership between five cities), which also included Ahsdod, Askalon, Gath, and Ekron. Gaza and the Philistines frequently came into conflict with the kings of the united kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah. Gaza became a cassal kingdom of the neo-Assyrian Empre in 732 BC and continued to prosper through the Arabian trade. After the destruction of Assyria, the city successively fell under the power of the short-lived Egyptian Empire of Necho II (610-595 BC) and the neo-Babylonian Empire of Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC). With the overthrow of the neo-Babylonian state at the hands of Kyros the Great and the Achaemenid Persians in 539 BC, the status of Gaza becomes controversial. Some scholars have suggested the the city remained independent throughout the Persian period. protected by its Arabian connections. Arab autonomy was recognized by the Persian king Kambyses II already in 525 BC. Other scholars maintain that Gaza was incorporated into the satrapy (province) of Eber-Nari (Beyond the River). In either case, Gaza continued to grow wealthy in the fifth and fourth centuries BC from trade in spices and incense. Although the defeat of Persian king Dareios III at the Battle of Issos (333 BC) resulted in the immediate submission of most cities in the region to Alexander the Great, Gaza resisted under the leadership the Persian eunuch, Batis. Alexander besieged the heavily fortified city and at last took it in October of 332 BC. Enraged at the city′s defiance, Alexander ordered the entire adult male population put to the sword and sold the women and children into slavery. The Macedonian king reportedly vented his anger by dragging the corpse of Batis behind his chariot as he drove circuit of the ruined city walls. Nevertheless the walls were immediately rebuilt and the city was repopulated with people from the surrounding region.
After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonian generals fought for control of the city because of its wealth and strategic location on the frontier with Egypt. the city was held by Antigonos Monophthalmos and Demetrios Polioketes until 312 BC when it was seized by Ptolemaios I of Egypt. Demetrios attempted to reclaim the city by force of arms, but was defeated. The city remained a Ptolemaic possession until the Fifth Syrian War (202-105 BC), when all of Phoenicia and Koile Syria was conquered by the Syrian king Antiochos III. The city was apparently refounded as Seleukeia in Gaza by Seleukos IV Philopator (r. 187-175 BC) and continued to be a major outlet for Arabian trade goods throughout the Seleukid period. Gaza supported the cause of Demetrios II Theos against Antiochos VI Dionysos (r. 145-142 BC) until it was besieged by the Hasmonaean high priest, Jonathan Apphos, acting in support of Antiochos VI. As a forced ally of the Hasmonaean Jews, the Gazaeans again supported Demetrios II after Thryphon’s murders of Jonathan and Antiochos VI in 138 BC. Despite Hasmonaean influence, Gaza remained a nominal subject of the Seleukid kings and received autonomous status from Antiohcos VIII Grypos around 108/107 BC. Fearing the growing power of the Hasmonaean priest-king, Alexander Jannaeus, the Gazaeans invited Ptolemaios IX Lathyros, then governor of Cyprus, to intervene in the region. Enraged at this Ptolemaic intervention, Jannaeus lay siege to the city and at last destroyed it in circa 95/94 BC. Nevertheless, the city seems to have existed again in some form by 78/77 BC. Gaza was detached from the Hasmonaean state by the Roman general, Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great), in 64/63 BC and was restored by Aulus Gabinius, the governor of Roman Syria (r. 57-54 BC). The city′s role in the Roman civil wars is unclear, although the occasions when Gaza produced dated coins tend to imply some involvement in the expulsion of the Parthians from Syria in 52/51 BC, the conflicts between Q. Caecilius Bassus and C. Antistius Vetus and C. Cassius Longinus and P. Cornelius Dolabella for control of Roman Syria in 46/45 BC and 43/42, respectively.
The image on the reverse of this issue was copied from the famous decadrachms of Athens. ♦ In exceptional condition for the issue. Extremely rare ♦
cf. Leu Auction 19, Lot 94 (in xf with testcut: SFR 4.200 + 22,5%)
Gitler & Tal pg. 204, XIV, 29O | HGC 10, - | Sofaer 10 (Gaza)
Jeselsohn 261var. (position of legend and olive sprig switched) RRR
vf/xf
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