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1311-1347 GERMANY - KLEVE, GRAFSCHAFT - DIETRICH IX, - Pfenning (Köpfchen) n.d., Kalkar vf
Munthandel G.Henzen 
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14,00 mm
weight 0,45gr. | silver Ø 14mm.
obv. Head of count Dietrich left, within circle of dots,
surrounded by the legend ✠ ThE:COME:CLE
rev. Long cross pattée placed over circle of dots, between the
arms of the cross the legend MO - NE - TA - CAL
Kalkar is an old small city in the district of Kleve, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the Rhine, approx. 10 km south-east of Cleves. The first settlement in the area around Kalkar dates back to before the beginning of the Common Era. It was situated on the limes, and the Romans built a castellum at Xanten, nearby Kalkar. Around 1020, Emperor Henry II (1014-1024) decided to grant territory to two noble brothers from Flanders, who had recently lost their land and possessions to the Count of Flanders. As compensation, both brothers received a portion of the territory that had become available after the breakup of the County of Hamaland Gerard Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Gelre, while Rutger Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Cleve. The core of the original county consisted of Cleves, Kalkar, and Monreberg. Later, the area was expanded at the expense of the Electorate of Cologne. In the thirteenth century, the territory expanded on the right bank of the Rhine (Wesel, Duisburg, the Lordship of Dinslaken). In the fourteenth century, Emmerich was added. In 1417 the County of Cleves was elevated to a duchy. When the line of the Duchy of Cleves died out in 1609, the city went over to the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Munna Castle, nearby Kalkar was built on the Monreberg around the middle of the 10th century, but was destroyed again soon after the turn of the millennium. Count Dietrich VI of Cleves had a new castle built, Monterberg, which is first mentioned in a document from 1265. Repeatedly destroyed in the meantime, the castle served as a widow′s residence for the Countesses and Duchesses of Cleves in the 14th and 15th centuries. Mary of Burgundy, who lived at Monterberg Castle as the widow of the Duke of Cleves, founded a Dominican monastery in 1455. There were two beguinages. Poorhouses and infirmaries were built. A Latin school existed, from which well-known scholars emerged. The humanist Konrad Heresbach, advisor to the Dukes of Cleves, lawyer, educator, and farmer, a universal thinker, lived in Kalkar for a time. Christian Sgrothen, who worked as a geographer for the Spanish King Philip II, was a citizen of Kalkar.
Kalkar was founded by Dirk VI of Cleves in 1230 and received city rights in 1242. This attracted new settlers. They valued their rights as citizens of a city and were able to secure privileges. The population grew rapidly. It was one of the seven ″capitals″ of the County of Cleves. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the city was further fortified with walls and towers. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Kalkar experienced an economic boom. The basis of the city′s rapid economic growth was, in particular, wool weaving. West of the city, the Gocher Heide offered good conditions for sheep farming. In Kalkar, fabrics for everyday use were primarily produced. Finer cloths came from Flanders. A so-called Gewandhaus, the guild hall of the cloth weavers, was built in front of the town hall. Other important economic sectors were the grain trade and numerous breweries. Kalkar became prosperous. Measured by tax capacity, it ranked third among the Cleves towns, ahead of the residential city of Cleves, and behind Wesel and Emmerich. From 1540 to 1572, Kalkar was a member of the Hanseatic League , as a ″side town″ of Wesel. The most important historical buildings include the Gothic town hall, St. Nicolai Church and the historic town windmill. Around 1580, Kalkar reached its highest population – around 5,000 inhabitants, more than many of today′s major cities had at that time. However, by the end of the 16th century, the most important branch of Kalkar′s economy, cloth-making, had long since passed its peak. Severe blows of fate epidemics, wars, and fires, accelerated the town′s decline. Kalkar never recovered from the blows it suffered in the 17th century. By 1730, it had only 2,000 inhabitants.
This Pfennig or Köpfchen is an imitation of the Dutch penning (kopje)
of Jan I (1296-1299) or Willem III of Holland (1304-1337). Very rare.
provenance: found in 1999 with a metaldetector at Cothen (NL)
Noss 42aa | van Hengel, 1986, pag. 68, no.10var. |
Slg. Weygand 704 van Hengel, 1998, 1.6.04 RR
a very attractive specimen with full legible legends
vf
obv. Head of count Dietrich left, within circle of dots,
surrounded by the legend ✠ ThE:COME:CLE
rev. Long cross pattée placed over circle of dots, between the
arms of the cross the legend MO - NE - TA - CAL
Kalkar is an old small city in the district of Kleve, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the Rhine, approx. 10 km south-east of Cleves. The first settlement in the area around Kalkar dates back to before the beginning of the Common Era. It was situated on the limes, and the Romans built a castellum at Xanten, nearby Kalkar. Around 1020, Emperor Henry II (1014-1024) decided to grant territory to two noble brothers from Flanders, who had recently lost their land and possessions to the Count of Flanders. As compensation, both brothers received a portion of the territory that had become available after the breakup of the County of Hamaland Gerard Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Gelre, while Rutger Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Cleve. The core of the original county consisted of Cleves, Kalkar, and Monreberg. Later, the area was expanded at the expense of the Electorate of Cologne. In the thirteenth century, the territory expanded on the right bank of the Rhine (Wesel, Duisburg, the Lordship of Dinslaken). In the fourteenth century, Emmerich was added. In 1417 the County of Cleves was elevated to a duchy. When the line of the Duchy of Cleves died out in 1609, the city went over to the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Munna Castle, nearby Kalkar was built on the Monreberg around the middle of the 10th century, but was destroyed again soon after the turn of the millennium. Count Dietrich VI of Cleves had a new castle built, Monterberg, which is first mentioned in a document from 1265. Repeatedly destroyed in the meantime, the castle served as a widow′s residence for the Countesses and Duchesses of Cleves in the 14th and 15th centuries. Mary of Burgundy, who lived at Monterberg Castle as the widow of the Duke of Cleves, founded a Dominican monastery in 1455. There were two beguinages. Poorhouses and infirmaries were built. A Latin school existed, from which well-known scholars emerged. The humanist Konrad Heresbach, advisor to the Dukes of Cleves, lawyer, educator, and farmer, a universal thinker, lived in Kalkar for a time. Christian Sgrothen, who worked as a geographer for the Spanish King Philip II, was a citizen of Kalkar.
Kalkar was founded by Dirk VI of Cleves in 1230 and received city rights in 1242. This attracted new settlers. They valued their rights as citizens of a city and were able to secure privileges. The population grew rapidly. It was one of the seven ″capitals″ of the County of Cleves. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the city was further fortified with walls and towers. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Kalkar experienced an economic boom. The basis of the city′s rapid economic growth was, in particular, wool weaving. West of the city, the Gocher Heide offered good conditions for sheep farming. In Kalkar, fabrics for everyday use were primarily produced. Finer cloths came from Flanders. A so-called Gewandhaus, the guild hall of the cloth weavers, was built in front of the town hall. Other important economic sectors were the grain trade and numerous breweries. Kalkar became prosperous. Measured by tax capacity, it ranked third among the Cleves towns, ahead of the residential city of Cleves, and behind Wesel and Emmerich. From 1540 to 1572, Kalkar was a member of the Hanseatic League , as a ″side town″ of Wesel. The most important historical buildings include the Gothic town hall, St. Nicolai Church and the historic town windmill. Around 1580, Kalkar reached its highest population – around 5,000 inhabitants, more than many of today′s major cities had at that time. However, by the end of the 16th century, the most important branch of Kalkar′s economy, cloth-making, had long since passed its peak. Severe blows of fate epidemics, wars, and fires, accelerated the town′s decline. Kalkar never recovered from the blows it suffered in the 17th century. By 1730, it had only 2,000 inhabitants.
This Pfennig or Köpfchen is an imitation of the Dutch penning (kopje)
of Jan I (1296-1299) or Willem III of Holland (1304-1337). Very rare.
provenance: found in 1999 with a metaldetector at Cothen (NL)
Noss 42aa | van Hengel, 1986, pag. 68, no.10var. |
Slg. Weygand 704 van Hengel, 1998, 1.6.04 RR
a very attractive specimen with full legible legends
vf
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