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360 v. Chr. PHOENICIA, SIDON - ABD′ASHTART (STRATON I), 365-352 BC - AR ¼ Shekel, year 6 (= 360/359 BC) ss / ss+
Munthandel G.Henzen 
10
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weight 3,04gr. | silver Ø 16mm.
obv. War-galley (Phoenician pentekonter) travelling left, propelled
by row of oars shields along bulwarks, standard at stern, beneath
lines of zig-zag waves, above Phoenician regnal year date ″III III″ (= 6)
rev. Bearded deity, his right hand raised, standing in horse (or goat ?)
drawn car, slowly driven by charioteer, ″90″ (= B) left above
Abd′ ashtart I (in Greek, Straton I) was a king of the Phoenician city-state of Sidon who reigned from 365 BC to 352 BC following the death of his father, Baalshillem II. His accession appears to have taken place in a period of economic and political difficulty, since he immediately took ′emergency measures′, reducing the precious metal-content of the Sidonian double shekel by 2 grams, thereby devaluing the Sidonian currency in his first year. He also expanded the currency, adding bronze coinage as well as silver, which funded the expansion of the Sidonian navy. It is supposed that he gave his name to the city known in the Hellenized world as Straton′s Tower, which was later renamed Caesarea by Herod the Great. Joseph Patrich argues, however, that Straton′s Tower may have been founded during the Ptolemaic Kingdom instead, in which case the naming may have been for a Ptolemaic general of the third century BC. Abd′ashtart formed diplomatic alliances with Athens and Egypt. Relying on his increased fleet, by 360 BC or 359 BC he felt strong enough to revolt against the Achaemenid Empire. Although the Persians were already fighting the Egyptians (whose Pharaoh Tachos had invaded Phoenicia), and although the rebels won two military victories against the generals of Artaxerxes III in 358 BC and 356 BC, the revolt was suppressed in 355 BC and led to Persian occupation for the next four years, during which time the Sidonian currency was banned, minting privileges were stopped, and the Persian currency was forcibly introduced. The revolt has been described as ′a grave political error′ for Abd′ ashtart not only did the Sidonians experience financial crisis and military repression, but they also lost swathes of territory to their neighbour, Tyre. The Persians left Abdashtart on the throne, and he proceeded to further diplomatic ties with Athens and Salamis, Cyprus, which had probably supported his revolt against Artaxerxes. Historians do not know whether he was the last of his dynasty, as it remains uncertain whether his known heir and successor, Tennes, was his son or some other close relative. The penteconter was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In contrast to the ships of the Homeric poems, used to transport warriors to the battlefield, penteconters were designed to fight at sea. They had a heavy metal ram at the bow to pierce the hull of the enemy. Speed and maneuverability were key to their design. Naval historians reconstruct their design partly from written sources, from inscriptions, and from the visual arts. In present understanding, the fifty of the penteconter′s name refers to the number of oars on each side. They were arranged in two banks of twenty-five, one hundred oars in total. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favorable wind. Penteconters were longer than merchant ships. They had a deck for carrying armored warriors (hoplite). According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between 28 and 33 m long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of 9 knots (17 km/h).
A very rare coin type. Unusual attractive for the type.
BMC 33 | SNG.Copenhagen 202 | Mitchiner ACW.- | McClean -
Mitchiner ATAEC- | Weber collection - | Winterthur -
Sear 5939 | Betlyon 25 | HGC 10, 244 | Betlyon 25
Cf. Elayi & Elayi group IV.2.3 | Rouvier 1105 RR
minor traces of oxidation
vf/vf+
obv. War-galley (Phoenician pentekonter) travelling left, propelled
by row of oars shields along bulwarks, standard at stern, beneath
lines of zig-zag waves, above Phoenician regnal year date ″III III″ (= 6)
rev. Bearded deity, his right hand raised, standing in horse (or goat ?)
drawn car, slowly driven by charioteer, ″90″ (= B) left above
Abd′ ashtart I (in Greek, Straton I) was a king of the Phoenician city-state of Sidon who reigned from 365 BC to 352 BC following the death of his father, Baalshillem II. His accession appears to have taken place in a period of economic and political difficulty, since he immediately took ′emergency measures′, reducing the precious metal-content of the Sidonian double shekel by 2 grams, thereby devaluing the Sidonian currency in his first year. He also expanded the currency, adding bronze coinage as well as silver, which funded the expansion of the Sidonian navy. It is supposed that he gave his name to the city known in the Hellenized world as Straton′s Tower, which was later renamed Caesarea by Herod the Great. Joseph Patrich argues, however, that Straton′s Tower may have been founded during the Ptolemaic Kingdom instead, in which case the naming may have been for a Ptolemaic general of the third century BC. Abd′ashtart formed diplomatic alliances with Athens and Egypt. Relying on his increased fleet, by 360 BC or 359 BC he felt strong enough to revolt against the Achaemenid Empire. Although the Persians were already fighting the Egyptians (whose Pharaoh Tachos had invaded Phoenicia), and although the rebels won two military victories against the generals of Artaxerxes III in 358 BC and 356 BC, the revolt was suppressed in 355 BC and led to Persian occupation for the next four years, during which time the Sidonian currency was banned, minting privileges were stopped, and the Persian currency was forcibly introduced. The revolt has been described as ′a grave political error′ for Abd′ ashtart not only did the Sidonians experience financial crisis and military repression, but they also lost swathes of territory to their neighbour, Tyre. The Persians left Abdashtart on the throne, and he proceeded to further diplomatic ties with Athens and Salamis, Cyprus, which had probably supported his revolt against Artaxerxes. Historians do not know whether he was the last of his dynasty, as it remains uncertain whether his known heir and successor, Tennes, was his son or some other close relative. The penteconter was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In contrast to the ships of the Homeric poems, used to transport warriors to the battlefield, penteconters were designed to fight at sea. They had a heavy metal ram at the bow to pierce the hull of the enemy. Speed and maneuverability were key to their design. Naval historians reconstruct their design partly from written sources, from inscriptions, and from the visual arts. In present understanding, the fifty of the penteconter′s name refers to the number of oars on each side. They were arranged in two banks of twenty-five, one hundred oars in total. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favorable wind. Penteconters were longer than merchant ships. They had a deck for carrying armored warriors (hoplite). According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between 28 and 33 m long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of 9 knots (17 km/h).
A very rare coin type. Unusual attractive for the type.
BMC 33 | SNG.Copenhagen 202 | Mitchiner ACW.- | McClean -
Mitchiner ATAEC- | Weber collection - | Winterthur -
Sear 5939 | Betlyon 25 | HGC 10, 244 | Betlyon 25
Cf. Elayi & Elayi group IV.2.3 | Rouvier 1105 RR
minor traces of oxidation
vf/vf+
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